Which sequence best describes the metal surface preparation steps before painting?

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Preparing a metal surface for painting is all about creating a clean, contaminant-free area with the right surface texture so the coating can bond effectively and last. Start by degreasing to remove oil and grease that would prevent adhesion. Then remove rust so the coating isn’t trying to seal over corroded areas. Next, abrade or etch to create a roughened surface that gives the paint something to grip onto. Finally, ensure the substrate is dry and clean before applying primer or paint so no moisture or residues interfere with curing and adhesion. This sequence best ensures a durable finish.

Other sequences skip important steps or apply coatings over unprepared surfaces. For example, sanding and painting without degreasing and rust removal can trap contaminants; applying primer before degreasing risks sealing in oils and debris; and painting without ensuring the surface is dry and clean can lead to poor adhesion and coating failure.